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Introduction Special-purpose electronic test instruments called loop calibrators are manufactured for the express purpose of 4-20 mA current loop circuit troubleshooting. These versatile instruments are generally capable of not only measuring current, but also sourcing current to unpowered devices in a loop, and also simulating the operation of…
Introduction While electricity is commonly used as a medium for transferring energy across long distances, it is also used in instrumentation to transfer information. A simple 4-20 mA current “loop” uses direct current to represent a process measurement in percentage of span,…
Industrial safety system An industrial safety system is a countermeasure crucial in any hazardous plants such as oil and gas plant sand nuclear plants. They are used to protect human, plant, and environment in case the process goes beyond the control margins. As…
Voltage signal systems The use of variable voltage for instrumentation signals seems a rather obvious option to explore. Let’s see how a voltage signal instrument might be used to measure and relay information about water tank level: The ”transmitter” in this diagram…
Introduction FAT and SAT is a big part of project execution and installation. Many projects require a Factory Acceptance Test before going on site. This testing period involves How to the specified design has been properly implemented in the software. Input are simulated…
Introduction Every technical discipline has its own standardized way(s) of making descriptive diagrams, and instrumentation is no exception. The scope of instrumentation is so broad, however, that no one form of diagram is sufficient to capture all we might need to represent.In…
Introduction The solenoid valves can be classified as Direct acting solenoid valves and servo assisted in this session we are gonna breifly discussed about the servo assisted valve anatomy and Different types of servo assisted valves. Servo Assisted Valve Anatomy Pilot Valve Pilots…
Introduction The solenoid valves can be classified as Direct acting solenoid valves and servo assisted in this session we are gonna breifly discussed bout the direct valve anatomy and Different types of direct acting valves. Direct Acting Valve Anatomy 1.Coil Wrapped enamelled copper…
Introduction The most common temperature sensors are thermocouples, thermistors, and resistance temperature detectors (RTDs).Fiber-optic sensors, while more specialized, are growing in popularity for temperature measurements Thermocouples Thermocouples, The most popular temperature sensors, are effective in applications that require a large temperature range. They are inexpensive…
Introduction SAMA is an acronym standing for Scientific Apparatus Makers Association, referring to a unique form of diagram used primary in the power generation industry to document control strategies. These diagrams focus on the flow of information within a control system rather than on…