The data sources of the field devices at a remote site are the sensors/transducers. The sensor/transducer output is converted to digital data through the RTU. In the case of radio telemetry, the output of the RTU is entered into a radio modem….

1. Batch Operating Systems This type of processing is done in programs with large computing time without the need for user interaction or participation. Some examples of such programs include payroll, forecasts, statistical analysis and programs with a large number of scientific…

  The basis of the hydrogen plant system involves two main equipment, the hydrogen generator and power supply. Hydrogen generator consists of mechanical equipment and piping systems supporting the electrolysis process. Control systems and instruments are located near the generator. The control…

Parallel plate interceptor (PPI), Corrugated plate interceptors (CPI) are Plate coalescers. Plate coalescers are skim tanks or vessels that use plates used to increase the process of gravity separation. Various forms of coalescer plate have been found. Parallel Plate Interceptor (PPI) The first…

The instruments used to measure the physical and electrical quantities are known as measuring instruments. The measuring instruments may be classified as follows: Absolute instrument & Secondary instruments: Absolute instrument measures the process variable directly from the process without the use of conversion. Such…

Why sensors are used in process industry? Automation devices used for the realization of control techniques from a process such as hardware, PLC software or microcontroller can only run well if the required process data can be obtained validly, for example information such…

Open loop control system: the process in the system where one or several input variables affect other output variables as a result of the law affecting each other from a system. Control is characterized by an “open-loop” sequence of actions or control…

Advantages of the Hydraulic system:   When compared to the mechanical power method has a weakness in the placement of the transmission power position. It is different with hydraulic power hydraulic power lines can be placed in any place. Regardless of the…

What is DDL? DDL HART equipment description language extends mutual operation (interoperability) exceeds the Universal commands and Common Practice commands. A slave equipment manufacturer uses DDL to create one software file with all relevant equipment characteristics, so a DDL-capable host can communicate…