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The computer-aided tools can free the engineer from tedious calculations, thereby freeing more time for doing the kind of creative work a computer cannot do. A circuit analysis program is known as SPICE, an acronym for a simulation program with the emphasis on…
Introduction The ability to measure flow rate is another important process measurement. There are four different classes of flow measurement transducers: differential pressure measurement, velocity-based measurement, positive displacement measurement, and mass flow measurement. Differential pressure measurement devices can be separated into restrictive…
Introduction Electronic temperature sensors come in two basic varieties: resistance devices and voltage devices. A resistance device is one in which the resistance varies with temperature. Resistance devices can be further classified as a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) device, or an NTC…
1. What are the steps in selection of valve? – Material to be handled – gas, liquid, power. Material by which valve is constructed, disc type, stem type, how to operate, bonnet type, the body ends, cost. 2. What is the function of a valve? –…
Introduction There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons don’t “care” how neatly the wires are laid in place, human beings who must maintain the system certainly do. Not only are neat…
The basic method of nuclear level measurement is sending radiation through the liquid and the intensity of the transferred radiation is measured using a detector. The intensity of the radiation detected is the function of the level of liquid in the tank….
Introduction Most motor applications require the use of remote control devices to start and stop the motor. Magnetic contactors, similar to the ones shown below, are commonly used to provide this function. As discussed later in this course, some magnetic contactors are…
Introduction A motor enclosure not only holds the motors components together, it also protects the internal components from moisture and contaminants. The degree of protection depends on the enclosure type. In addition, the type of enclosure affects the motor’s cooling.There are two…
The three-phase induction motor is the most commonly used motor in any power system. It forms about 50 to 70% of the total load in the system. Principle of operation 3 phase induction motor: When a three-phase supply is connected to the…
Introduction Nameplate The nameplate of a motor provides important information necessary for proper application or we call Motor Specifications . For example,The following illustration shows the nameplate of a 30 horsepower (H.P.) three-phase (3 PH) AC motor. Voltage Source (VOLTS) and Full-load Current…