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What is Data Acquisition Card? To measure signals and transfer data to the computer is done by using Data Acquisition Cards, commercially called DAQ cards. These cards have Analog / Digital Converters (ADC) and Digital / Analog Converters (DAC) that allow the input/output…
A Wheatstone bridge is used to detect electrical resistance changes. This circuit is used in signal conditioning. The circuit works like this: Four resistors are wired in the manner shown, with a galvanometer as a very sensitive current detector. A voltage source, E,…
It is a data communication that aims to reduce or prevent failure in several loops. This results in the failure of a loop to affect the other control loops. The use of Fieldbus also functions as savings on cable routing because the…
The LM35 series temperature sensor is a temperature sensor in the form of an integrated circuit, where the output is a voltage that is linearly proportional to the Celsius temperature (Centigrade). So LM35 has a feature compared to a linear temperature sensor…
Understanding the process is the basis for getting a well-designed control node. The sensors must be in the right location and the valves of the correct size and position. In general, for the best node control, dynamic controller gain must be as…
What is a Condenser? A condenser is one of the main components of a refrigerator. The condenser changes the form of refrigerant from super-heated high-pressure gas to the sub-cooled liquid. In order to make changes in the form of refrigerant (condensation/condensation), heat….
PC / AT Bus is used on computers that are compatible with IBM earlier, to connect peripheral equipment such as disk drives, sound cards and more to the computer motherboard. PCI Buses that are used on computers that are compatible not only…
Inspection reasons 1. To protect individuals and equipment Safety valves are installed in process and storage equipment to release pressure that is beyond the limits that cause operating failure, external combustion and other hazards. A good design and properly installed from a…
The selection of the right level measurement solution is based on not only the choice of measurement technology but also the application and installation requirements. Density and Viscosity: Viscosity and density considerations affect the selection of many liquid level switches and continuous…
The 4-20 mA pattern can be characterized by the current loop used for the interconnection of the field devices. In this configuration we have that each device must be interconnected with the source and the control device, where we have: on the…