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WiFi 802.11: The 802.11 standard specifies requirements in the 2.4 GHz and 5 MHz ISM bands for wireless Ethernet devices using DSSS. This standard is popularly known as WiFi (wireless fidelity short). Since the late 1990s, WiFi devices have been on the…
Principle of gas density measurement: The relationship between temperature, pressure, and volume of a gas is given by: PV = nZRT where P is the absolute pressure, V is the volume, and n is the number of moles. Z is the compressibility…
Differential Pressure Transmitter (DPT) are used to measure level in process tanks which compares the pressure measurement between pressure at the bottom of the tank with atmospheric pressure, or pressure at the empty space at the top of the same tank. General…
Digital pressure transducer: Digital pressure transducers used Quartz crystal frequency-output sensors to measure the parameter combined with an integrated microprocessor capability to deliver smart transmitters of pressure. These transmitters, operating under field conditions, can deliver comparable performance to the primary standards. Placing…
Instrument cabling usually runs from the control room to the plant area (either below or above ground) in multicore cables and then from field junction boxes in single pairs to field measuring or actuating devices. Cabling requirements: They should be kept as…
What is a Power plant? A power plant or power generating station is essentially an industrial site used to generate and distribute mass-scale electricity, usually in the order of several 1000 Watts. Power station also efficiently transmits generated power over the whole…
Hydronic boilers are frequently applied in residential & commercial buildings for heating purposes. They are usually manufactured in small sized portable units for domestic applications whereas large sized units are put into use for industrial applications. These boilers are extremely durable and…
The purpose of the branch is to increase the velocity of water and may be defined as “A Metal fittings between hose and the nozzle converting pressure energy to provide the nozzle with a solid jet – of water for fire fighting.”…
Laser transmitters used for level measurement work basically on the same principle of operation as ultrasonic level sensors. The only difference is that the former uses speed of light while the latter uses speed of sound waves. Laser level measuring devices can…
The short answer is that when Don Bently worked on building solid-state versions of the eddy-current measuring system, he had a choice between using N-P-N or P-N-P transistors. Transistors were quite expensive at the time, so he chose the two least expensive:…
