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NDT test is a method to find the possibility of defects and the characteristics of a material that might cause aircraft to experience interference, reactor failure, train derailments, burst pipes, and various other events. NDT is used to ensure the quality of materials…
What is FIA? FIA (Flow Injection Analysis) is a technique with widespread application in quantitative chemical analysis. The FIA is the injection process of discrete sample solution into a continuously flowing unsegmented stream with subsequent analyte detection. Definition: A method based on…
What is ESDV (Emergency shutdown Valve)? ESD valves are used to isolate the facilities in emergency situations. An ESD (emergency shutdown) valve is a valve fitted with a spring return actuator, allowing the valve to be closed by the actuator spring when…
Cooling towers are installed in factories to eject waste heat to atmosphere. As it is an important task to function, it should be given great care before starting the industrial process. The significant cooling tower start-up processes are noted here. Cooling Tower…
Zero suppression & Zero elevation are values that correspond to the 4-20mA transmitter range for level measurement using Differential pressure transmitter (DPT). In signal conditioners, in particular, zero suppression and zero altitudes relate to a reduction (deletion) or angle (altitude) of the…
Principle of measuring humidity: The oscillation frequency of a quartz crystal coated with hygroscopic material is a very sensitive detector of the weight of absorbed water because very small changes in frequency can be measured. Working of Piezoelectric meter: Two quartz crystal…
Proactive maintenance is a preventive maintenance approach that operates to correct the root causes of error and to prevent breakdowns induced by the circumstances of the machinery. Proactive Maintenance, This type of treatment helps improve care through actions such as better design,…
Electro-pneumatic is a pneumatic control system where air pressure and direction of the valve are controlled by an electrical current. The electro-pneumatic converter is a device which provides an interface between the electronic and pneumatic systems either to convert current into a…
To measure dissolved oxygen in the water, electrochemical sensors with membranes for determination of oxygen can be applied, both polarographic and galvanic sensors can be used. A most popular type of sensor is the galvanic Mackereth electrode. Construction & working of Mackereth…
Principle of gas density measurement: The relationship between temperature, pressure, and volume of a gas is given by: PV = nZRT where P is the absolute pressure, V is the volume, and n is the number of moles. Z is the compressibility…