When books are not enough for all information, engineering students try internet blogs to update themselves. We provide daily analytical instruments topic related information & ideas on our blogs.
What is FIA? FIA (Flow Injection Analysis) is a technique with widespread application in quantitative chemical analysis. The FIA is the injection process of discrete sample solution into a continuously flowing unsegmented stream with subsequent analyte detection. Definition: A method based on the injection of a sample liquid into a continuous flow that does not …
Cooling towers are installed in factories to eject waste heat to atmosphere. As it is an important task to function, it should be given great care before starting the industrial process. The significant cooling tower start-up processes are noted here. Cooling Tower Start-up Procedure: Start up procedure includes 3 main steps: Cleaning, Inspection, start-up. Cleaning: …
Zero suppression & Zero elevation are values that correspond to the 4-20mA transmitter range for level measurement using Differential pressure transmitter (DPT). In signal conditioners, in particular, zero suppression and zero altitudes relate to a reduction (deletion) or angle (altitude) of the nominal “zero” yield so that it is not at zero volts (or milliamps). …
Principle of measuring humidity: The oscillation frequency of a quartz crystal coated with hygroscopic material is a very sensitive detector of the weight of absorbed water because very small changes in frequency can be measured. Working of Piezoelectric meter: Two quartz crystal oscillators are used, alternating between moist and dry gas, generally for 30 seconds …
Humidity measurement using the piezoelectric sensor Read More »
Proactive maintenance is a preventive maintenance approach that operates to correct the root causes of error and to prevent breakdowns induced by the circumstances of the machinery. Proactive Maintenance, This type of treatment helps improve care through actions such as better design, workmanship, installation, scheduling, and maintenance procedures The characteristics of proactive maintenance include implementing …
Electro-pneumatic is a pneumatic control system where air pressure and direction of the valve are controlled by an electrical current. The electro-pneumatic converter is a device which provides an interface between the electronic and pneumatic systems either to convert current into a proportional air pressure or to convert current into a valve setting by controlling …
Electropneumatic converter – Construction, Working Read More »
To measure dissolved oxygen in the water, electrochemical sensors with membranes for determination of oxygen can be applied, both polarographic and galvanic sensors can be used. A most popular type of sensor is the galvanic Mackereth electrode. Construction & working of Mackereth cell: The cathode is a perforated silver cylinder that surrounds a lead anode …
Principle of gas density measurement: The relationship between temperature, pressure, and volume of a gas is given by: PV = nZRT where P is the absolute pressure, V is the volume, and n is the number of moles. Z is the compressibility factor, R0 is the universal gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature. …
What is pH? pH is a unit of measurement that describes the degree of acidity or alkali content of a solution. The pH unit is measured in terms of 0 to 14. The pH is formed from quantitative information expressed by the level of acidity or base associated with the activity of hydrogen ions. If …
What is photovoltaic detectors? The photodetectors generate a voltage that is proportional to the incident EM radiation intensity. These devices are called photovoltaic cells due to their voltage generating characteristics. Actually, they convert EM energy into electrical energy. Applications are found both in EM radiation detectors and in energy sources that convert solar radiation into …
