How to use Siemens TIA Portal to create PLC Ladder Logic for three phase motor Forward and Reverse

In an industry most of the application is run by three phase induction Motor. In few applications the same motor is used to run forward as well as reverse. The forwarding and reversing of the induction motor are reverse by TPST switch. If any two phases of the induction motor reversed the motor will run in reverse direction.

In this article we will discuss about creating an appropriate PLC program which will start the induction motor after 5 seconds of pressing the forward motor start button. When the forward stop button is pressed, the motor comes to a halt. Similarly, after 5 seconds of pressing the reverse motor button, the motor rotates in the opposite way. When the reverse motor stop button is pressed, it will come to a halt.

The circuit Schematic of Forward and reverse of Induction motor is shown below

Three phase Induction motor forward and reverse Connection

Full PLC Ladder diagram using Siemens TIA Portal V16

Declaration of Input and Output for each PLC block

Various phases of working of ladder logic

The PLC Program is written in Siemen’s software using TIA Portal V16. As per the above statement, the PLC program have four sections

Start and Stop Button for forward motoring

In this section of ladder logic we have Forward pushbutton and stop button.

Once forward pushbutton pressed “Dummy_coil_01” gets energized. The dummy coil is introduced to enable forward timer.

The forward logic is build using latching concept (Push button).

The stop button can be used to stop the forward running motor.

Forward Timer

Once “Dummy_coil_01” gets energized the forward timer (timer is set for 5 sec) counts up to 5 sec, the coil “Timer_0.Q” associated with timer enable the forward motoring coil, which in turn run the induction motor in forward direction.

Start and Stop Button for reverse motoring:

In this section of ladder logic we have Reverse pushbutton and stop button.

Once reverse pushbutton pressed “Dummy_coil_02” gets energized. The dummy coil is introduced to enable reverse timer.

The reverse logic is build using latching concept (Push button).

The stop button can be used to stop the reverse running motor.

Reverse Timer

Once “Dummy_coil_02” gets energized the reverse timer (timer is set for 5 sec) counts up to 5 sec, the coil “Timer_1.Q” associated with timer enable the reverse motoring coil, which in turn run the induction motor in reverse direction.

How to program ladder logic using SIEMENS TIA portal (Simulation) are as follows

1. Once installed the Siemens TIA Portal V16. Open TIA V16 Portal icon. The below window will open          

2. After the window open click on Create new Project and type your Project name.(Note: if you want to change the destination directory change the directory in Path)

3. Next the below window will open click Open the Project view

4. Once the Project view clicked the below window will open. Now double click on Add new device

5. The below window will open. Under this select the Controller

6. Select the CPU 1214C DC/DC/DCà6ES7214-1AG40-0XB0 and press ok

(Note : Since the program is going to run in simulator a standard feature was selected. If the hardware connected to the computer based on configuration of the PLC choose the corresponding controller)

7. Once the controller was selected a new window will open as shown in below figure

(Note: The below window is for Hardware selection, for simulation purpose we can skip this step)

8. Select the Program blocks on the left-hand side tree view.

9. Under Program block Select Main(OB1) and double click

10. Using proper PLC ladder block, construct the PLC Ladder Diagram

(Note: Please refer the Full PLC Ladder diagram section given above)

11. Click the simulation icon which shown is in previous diagram. The below window will open

12. Press the start search button. Please ensure that PN/IE and PLCSIM selected under Type of the PG/PC interface and PG/PC interface respectively. The window will open and will be ready for virtual connection of PLC (Simulation). Once scan completed the computer connected with Virtual PLC (Orange color Indication)

13. The below window indicate the PLC ladder is ready for run. Press Load

14. Next step the simulation result has to checked. This can be achieved by pressing the small window Run button. Once Run button pressed the orange LED color changed to Green LED

15. Final step Press the monitor button icon. The window of the siemens change to run mode. Now user can force each Ladder block and check the result.

16. The result can be checked by keeping the mouse over the Forward button and right click a new pop menu will open under this select modify and select modify to 1. This changes the block from NO(Normally Open) to NC(Normally close) or NC to NO.

17. The user can select the sequence of the block to see the result. In this section the user can toggle the Forward button ON and OFF (Since the forward switch behaves as a push button). Now forward timer starts, after 5 sec the Forward motor goes to ON stage.

18. Before start the reverse motor, the forward motor should be stopped. Now the Reverse button can be toggled ON and OFF. Similar to forward motoring the same motor run in reverse direction

(Note : In real time the stop button between the forwarding and reversing can be connected with sensor)

Simulation screenshots of each phase

1. Initial stage of ladder Simulation

2. Right click on Forward button and modify to 1

3. Forward timer Starts after Forward button toggle

4. Timer 0 runs up to 5 sec and closes the Timer 0 coil. Now forward Motoring coil Closed

5. Press the Stop Button to Stop Forward Coil

6. Forward Coil Stopped

7. Similarly Press the reverse button

8. Reverse Timer Starts to run up to 5 sec and  Closes the Reverse Coil

9. Similarly Press the stop to stop the reverse Coil

10. Finally the reverse Coil “OFF”

By doing above exercise we were able to successfully develop PLC ladder logic and we also carried out simulation testing of the ladder logic.