Instrumentation
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What is an annunciator ?
INTRODUCTION The purpose of an alarm system (annunciator) is to bring attention to an abnormal or unsafe operating condition in…
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Hazardous Areas and Zonal Classification
Introduction A HAZARDOUS area / environment may be potentially prone to: • An accident • The creation of a dangerous…
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Difference between IEC 61508 & IEC 61511 SLC Version
Introduction Each phase of the lifecycle requires input information and delivers output information. The relevant clauses of the standards define…
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What is Safety instrumentation system?
Introduction Safety instrumentation is not exclusively a matter of instrument engineering and control.The successful implementation of a security system project…
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Active and passive instruments
Introduction We can divide instruments into active and passive according to the consumption of power.”Active” means is that some component…
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Electronic and pneumatic Load cells
Load cells are transducers that are used to convert work, force or pressure into an electrical signal. Load cells are…
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How does an optical Encoders works?
Introduction The encoders use rotating discs with optical windows, as shown in the figure below. The encoder contains an optical…
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Troubleshooting of a transmitter
Introduction In this session we are gonna discuss about troubleshooting of a transmitter.we are gonna look into some common problems…
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Overview of Advanced process control Methods
Introduction Advanced process control (APC) is a broad term within the control theory. It is composed of different kinds of…
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What is Instrumentation documentation?
Introduction Instrumentation documentation consists of drawings, diagrams and schedules. The documentation is used by various people for different purposes. Of…
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