What is PLC? A PLC is a real-time control system, which is a digital computer system for multiple inputs and output arrangements with extended temperature range and immune to noise and resistance to vibration impact compare to the personal computer. There are different types of programming languages for PLC. Common are : Ladder logic Functional …
Introduction Bourdon tube uses a coiled tube which as it expands due to pressure increase causes a rotation of an arm connected to the tube Working principle The pressure sensing element is a closed coiled tube connected to the chamber or pipe in which pressure is to be sensed. As the gauge pressure increases the tube will tend …
Definition A pressure gauge is a mechanical instrument. It is designed to measure the internal pressure, vacuum of a vessel or system. There is lots of variety of pressure gauges in the market according to size, styles. Principles of Operation Bourdon tubes are the main pressure sensing element used in most of the pressure gauges When the …
Coriolis flowmeters are mass flowmeters, which measure the mass of fluid passing through a pipeline unlike the other volumetric flow meters, which measures the volume of the fluid passing through the pipeline. Coriolis mass flowmeter provides direct, in-line and accurate mass flow measurements that are independent of temperature, pressure, viscosity and density. Mass flow, density and …
Introduction In this session we are going to discuss about density measuring devices ,before that we need to go through the basics. Density ρ of a material is defined as the mass per unit volume. Units of density are pounds (slug) per cubic foot [lb (slug)/ft3] or kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m3). Specific weight γ is defined …
The strain gauge is a passive transducer used to pressure, which converts the change in pressure into a change in resistance as the metal strain gauge deforms because of the pressure applied. Principle: The principle of the strain gauge is the Piezoresistive effect, which means “pressure-sensitive resistance,” or a resistance that changes value with applied …
Capacitance pressure transmitter is a pressure measurement device which convert applied pressure into a current signal. Capacitive type pressure transmitter is differential pressure type sensor. Principle: Capacitive pressure transmitter works under the principle of differential capacitance. Capacitive pressure measurement involves sensing the change in capacitance that results from the movement of a diaphragm. Generaly the capacitance …
INTRODUCTION A piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) is a diagram in the process industry which shows the piping of the process flow together with the installed equipment and instrumentation. The P&ID are also used to operate the process system. P&ID shows all of piping including the physical sequence of branches, reducers, valves, equipment, instrumentation and control …
What is control loop? A Control loop is the fundamental building block of the industrial control system or industrial automation. It is a group of components working together as a system to achieve and maintain the desired value of a system variable by manipulating the value of another variable in the control loop. An instrumentation …
Principles of Infrared Analysis:Infrared (IR) absorption (or reflection for solids) is a technique that can be used successfully for continuous chemical analysis of a process. The IR region of the electromagnetic spectrum is generally considered to cover wavelengths from 0.8 to 1000µ m. These limits, expressed in frequency terms (cm-1, wave numbers or the number …