Introduction Sound is generated from the movement of fluid through a valve. It is only when the sound in undesirable that it is termed ‘noise’. If the noise exceeds certain levels then it can become dangerous to personnel. Noise is also a good diagnostic tool. As sound or noise is generated by friction, excessive noise …
Introduction Turbine flowmeter have rotor-mounted blades that rotate when a fluid pushes against them. They work on the reverse concept to a propeller system. Whereas in a propeller system, the propeller drives the flow, in this case the flow drives and rotates the propeller. Since it is no longer propelling the fluid, it is now …
What is valve stem packing? Valve stem packing is the process of tightening the valve gland follower with packing material to reduce or eliminate process leaks. It is important for the performance of the process and also for safety, regulatory compliance Types of valve packing: There are mainly two types of valve packing, Chevron valve packing …
What is valve sizing & it’s importance? The valve sizing can be defined as picking the right size valve for the job or, in certain instances where a valve size is predestined, the correct trim size. Valve sizing procedures are based on accepted mathematical equations that are used to model flow through ideal restrictions such …
Control valve sizing – Equations & its importance Read More »
Introduction There are two types of ultrasonic flow measurement: – Transit time measurement – Doppler effect The fundamental difference is that the transit-time method should be used for clean fluids, while the Doppler reflection type used for dirty, slurry type flows. 1.Transit time The transit-time flowmeter device sends pulses of ultrasonic energy diagonally across …
Introduction Density is defined as the mass per unit volume. Specific gravity is a unitless measurement. It is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water, at a standard temperature. This term is also referred to as the relative density. The measurement and control of liquid density can be quite …
Introduction The basis of hydrostatic pressure measurement for level is such that the measured pressure is proportional to the height of liquid in the tank, irrespective of volume. The pressure is related to the height by the following: P = h.ρ.g where: P = …
What is P & ID? A Process and Instrumentation Diagram (P & ID) shows the process flow and interconnection of process equipment which is used control a process. The P & ID includes every mechanical aspect of the plant except stream flows, pipe routing, pipe lengths, pipe fittings, supports, structure & foundations. A P&ID provides information to …
Basics of P&ID (piping and instrumentation diagram) Read More »
Introduction In this session we are gonna discuss about how to connect differential pressure & flow transmitters to the several process Check of high/low pressure sides of transmitter The detecting unit of the differential pressure transmitter bears symbols H and L which represent high and low pressure sides, respectively. Also, vent/drain plugs are provided …
Piping of differential pressure and flow transmitters Read More »
Introduction Starting from the type of supply, electric power distribution grids or networks can also be distinguished according to their type of meshing. The following basic network configurations are distinguished: • Radial networks • Ringed networks The spur-line-fed radial network is the most simple form. Its advantages lie in easy monitoring and protection as well …
Difference between Radial networks & Ringed Network Configurations Read More »