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DRY & WET LEG LEVEL MEASUREMENT

Introduction  There are so many level measuring techniques in present.one of the method is measuring...

Resistance Temperature Detector ( RTD )

Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTD) are temperature measuring transducers used in industrial applications. RTDs are...

The pneumatic recorder

Introduction The pneumatically operated recorder is still used today, particularly in remote locations.  It does...

PROGRAMMING LOGIC DEVICES (PLC)

Introduction A digitally operating electronic apparatus which uses a programming memory for the internal storage...

Basics of Thermistor – Advantages and Disadvantages

A thermistor is a semiconductor device formed from metal oxides. thermistors are used in many...

Level Measurement Errors

 INTRODUCTION There are many methods to measure level of a system or a tank (Direct...

Basics of Relays

INTRODUCTION A relay is an electrically operated switch. Relays are a remote control electrical switch that...

BASIC CONTROL PRINCIPLES

 INTRODUCTION Control of the processes in the plant is an essential part of the plant...

Basics of Hart Communicator

Introduction HART is a master-slave communication protocol  , which means that during normal operation, each  slave (field device) communication is...

Basics of Vortex flowmeter

Vortex flowmeter is a differential pressure measuring flowmeter which can measure both liquid and...

VALVE STEM PACKING REPLACEMENT METHOD

VALVE STEM PACKING The purpose of valve packing is to prevent leakage.  In a typical...

Working of control valve

Introduction The control valve is a controlled device that regulates the flow of a liquid...