All articles

Basics of Relays

INTRODUCTION A relay is an electrically operated switch. Relays are a remote control electrical switch that...

BASIC CONTROL PRINCIPLES

 INTRODUCTION Control of the processes in the plant is an essential part of the plant...

Basics of Hart Communicator

Introduction HART is a master-slave communication protocol  , which means that during normal operation, each  slave (field device) communication is...

Basics of Vortex flowmeter

Vortex flowmeter is a differential pressure measuring flowmeter which can measure both liquid and...

VALVE STEM PACKING REPLACEMENT METHOD

VALVE STEM PACKING The purpose of valve packing is to prevent leakage.  In a typical...

Working of control valve

Introduction The control valve is a controlled device that regulates the flow of a liquid...

Flow Measurement Errors

Introduction While measuring flow, errors can be obtained some of the errors are due to...

Thermal mass flowmeter

What are Mass flowmeters? A Mass flowmeter measures the amount of fluid pass through the...

BASIC CONTROL SYSTEM INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

Define System. A system is a combination or an arrangement of different physical components...

Pressure Detectors

Introduction There are different kinds of pressure sensing elements that are used in the industries.we...

Calibration of Pressure Switch

Introduction The device contains a micro switch, connected to a mechanical lever and set pressure spring. The contacts get actuated...

P&ID legends

INTRODUCTION As an Instrument Technician trainee you will use Piping and Instrument Diagrams or P&ID’s...