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Active and passive instruments

Introduction We can divide instruments into active and passive according to the consumption of power."Active"...

3 PHASE Transformers – different connections

What are transformers? The transformer is a static piece of apparatus which transfers electrical energy...

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DCS ,PLC AND SCADA

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DCS ,PLC AND SCADA  SCADA (Supervisory contol and Data Acquisition) is essentially a computer...

Electronic and pneumatic Load cells

Load cells are transducers that are used to convert work, force or pressure into...

How does an optical Encoders works?

Introduction The encoders use rotating discs with optical windows, as shown in the figure below....

COUNTERS in PLC Programming

Introduction There are two basic counter types: count-up and count-down. When the input to a...

An introduction to PLC timer’s

Introduction This function is used to provide a time-delay in a circuit. In the example...

Troubleshooting of a transmitter

Introduction In this session we are gonna discuss about troubleshooting of a transmitter.we are gonna...

Slide valves and it’s advantages and disadvantages

Slide valves are one of the many variations of the gate-type valve and were...

Control valve Noise – Cage trim

Noise produced in pipelines may be pump-generated (changes in power and pressure. or varying...

Installation & Troubleshooting of communication systems -part 2

Introduction As you can see we already discussed about some of the Installation & Troubleshooting of...

Installation & Troubleshooting of communication systems -part 1

Introduction  When solving problems in a communications system, the engineer or technician tries to use...