what is mean by loop checking?
Defining the Loop
Basic to any discussion of control loops is “feedback” control. In this control, the loop starts by measuring the process variable (PV). It then compares the PV to the desired value, that is, the set point (SP), and acts on the difference between SP and PV (error) using a control algorithm (typically PID). The loop then outputs to the final control element. The diagrams below indicate that the main elements of the loop are:
• transmitter/sensor (for measuring the PV)
• process controller (with an operator-entered SP and control algorithm)
• final control element (valve/actuator and accessories)
Ensure these steps before loop checking
Loop Test Procedure
5. If a transmitter exists in a loop, the output signals equivalent to 0%, 50% and 100% of the range of the instrument will be generated in manual mode (dummysignals) to verify the function of the loop, such as variable zero variation of the transmitters or by connecting the standard DC current generator or the retaining nozzle and the fin in the pilot of the pneumatic transducers.
6. Connect a known precision source to the primary field transmitter. The assimilation of the measured variable is applied to the transmitter for reading at zero, half scale and full scale, according to the instructions recommended by the manufacturer. Note in the PLC system that the indication is shown as simulated. Also note on the MMI screens (ManMachine Interface) on the PC. You must indicate the appropriate actions in Screen and Alarm Screens
7. If there is a local controller mounted in a loop, the signal to verify the operation of the valve will be generated manually using the manual operation device in the controller before the automatic operation check. An automatic operation check will be performed by changing the setpoint of the controller.
8. Control loop: Place the controller in manual mode and simulate the signal of the process variable from 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the scale and note on the monitor that the process variable indication shows signals assimilated. Return the process variable to 0%, place the controller in automatic mode, set P.B. 100%, restart the time and derived to Minimum adjustment with 50% set point and make sure the controller is an indirect action. Simulate the process variable signal 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, observe and record all the findings
9. For pressure switches and level interrupters, their contact must be made manually and / or interrupted to guarantee the corresponding responses of the instrument.
For thermocouple loops, check the burn characteristics by disconnecting the cables, and confirm that the polarity of the thermocouple extension leads is maintained when they are reconnected. To assist in the identification of the thermocouple extension cables, the following guidance is provided.
(1) The negative extension cables are always colored in red as in the PER ANSI C96.1.
(2) For the K-type thermocouple (Chromel / alumel), the negative cable is slightly magnetic. It has a lower resistance in ohms / feet for the same size cable.
(3) For R type thermocouple (copper alloy / nickel copper), the negative wires are softer than the positive wire.11.For the loops of the resistance temperature detector (RTD), check the function of all the instruments and control valves in the circuit by connecting the resistor approximately 120 ohm in the terminal heads, and visually verify the correct connections when closing the terminal heads.
