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Electrical

Introduction to Electrical Power Transformer

Definition of Transformer A transformer is a static machine used for transforming power from one circuit to...
Electrical

What is Microprocessor Based Relay?

Introduction Microprocessor relays provide many functions that were not available in electromechanical or solid-state designs....
Condition Monitoring

Introduction to Vibration measuring devices

Table of ContentsDefinitionUnits of VibrationSome effects of VibrationVibration-measuring devicesStroboscope MethodReed VibrometerSeismic-Mass TransducerVibration measuring instruments,...
Flow Measurement

What is Cavitation and Flashing?

  Cavitation and flashing are two main kinds of noise in flowmeters and in control...
Communication

Difference between VLAN and VPN

Introduction A local area network is defined as a computer network that is in the...
PLC

How to write a PLC ladder logic program?

The ladder logic programming is commonly used to program PLCs. A PLC takes input from field devices...
Instrumentation

Hazardous Areas and Zonal Classification

Introduction A HAZARDOUS area / environment may be potentially prone to: • An accident • The creation...
Engineering Standards

Difference between IEC 61508 & IEC 61511 SLC Version

Introduction  Each phase of the lifecycle requires input information and delivers output information. The relevant...
Temperature Measurement

Fiber Optic Temperature Sensors

Fiber optic temperature sensors are used where the temperature measurement is made in hostile...
Instrumentation

What is Safety instrumentation system?

Introduction Safety instrumentation is not exclusively a matter of instrument engineering and control.The successful implementation...
Instrumentation

Active and passive instruments

Introduction We can divide instruments into active and passive according to the consumption of power."Active"...
Electrical

3 PHASE Transformers – different connections

What are transformers? The transformer is a static piece of apparatus which transfers electrical energy...
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