Introduction A pneumatic system is a system that uses compressed air to transmit and control energy. Pneumatic systems are used in controlling train doors, automatic production lines, mechanical clamps, etc What are pneumatic systems used for? The pneumatic systems used in the industry are usually driven by compressed air or compressed inert gases. A …
Introduction to force balance instruments When equal force is applied to both sides of an object then the force is balanced and there won’t be any motion. Pneumatics can be described as the process in which pressurized gas is utilized to create mechanical motion. In a pneumatic system air is the important source for the …
Transmitter A transmitter is a device for converting the response of a primary element into a useable signal, which then transmitted either to an indicating instrument or to a controller. Thus, transmitters is said to be secondary element. Standard Signal List some of wiring techniques in transmitter wiring. Some wiring techniques are Loop Powered transmitter …
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FUNCTION OF INSTRUMENT
The instruments used to measure the physical and electrical quantities are known as measuring instruments. The measuring instruments may be classified as follows: Absolute instrument & Secondary instruments: Absolute instrument measures the process variable directly from the process without the use of conversion. Such instruments do not require comparison with any other standard. The tangent galvanometer is …
Example calculation: controller output to valve An electronic loop controller outputs a signal of 8.55 mA to a direct-responding control valve (where 4 mA is shut and 20 mA is wide open). How far open should the control valve be at this MV signal level? We must convert the milliamp signal value into a percentage …
How to convert mA signal into % in instruments?(ie 4-20 mA=0 to100%) Read More »
Introduction While electricity is commonly used as a medium for transferring energy across long distances, it is also used in instrumentation to transfer information. A simple 4-20 mA current “loop” uses direct current to represent a process measurement in percentage of span, such as in this example: The transmitter senses an applied fluid pressure from …
Introduction Pneumatic valves control the path of the compressed air. The direction of flow is indicated by an arrow. Actuation can take place manually, mechanically, pneumatically or electrically. Automated systems generally use solenoid-actuated valves that form the interface between pneumatic and electrical control. They are switched by means of the output signals from the signal …
Introduction We can divide instruments into active and passive according to the consumption of power.”Active” means is that some component inside requires power, either a battery or an external voltage source for working. “Passive” just means that no components inside need to be powered. Examples of active components include transistors, LED lights, and op-amps or …
Load cells are transducers that are used to convert work, force or pressure into an electrical signal. Load cells are also called as load transducer or load sensors. The force is measured on the basis of deflection or increase in fluid pressure. There are electronic and pneumatic/hydraulic type load cells: Electronic load cells: The electronic load …